2.+Differentiating+by+Learning+Style

**__Differentiating by Learning Style__**

 * __Learning Styles:__**

Learning Styles are various ways individuals learn. There are many theories and inventories which help instructors or students determine their preferred learning modality.

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=**__Three common learning style theories are indicated below:__**= =1. VARK Method=

The VARK model was created by Neil Fleming and categorizes 5 modes of learning; Visual, Aural, Read/Write, Kinesthetic, and Multi-Mode. VARK Questionnaire

The Myers Briggs Type Indicator is a variation of Fleming's model. [|Myers Briggs Questionnaire]

=2. Gregorc's Method of ** Perceptual Quality **=
 * ** Concrete: ** This quality enables you to register information directly through your five senses: sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing. When you are using your concrete ability, you are dealing with the obvious, the "here and now." You are not looking for hidden meanings, or making relationships between ideas or concepts. **//"It is what it is."//**


 * ** Abstract: ** This quality allows you to visualize, to conceive ideas, to understand or believe that which you cannot actually see. When you are using your abstract quality, you are using your intuition, your imagination, and you are looking beyond “what is” to the more subtle implications. **//"It is not always what it seems."//**

Although all people have both concrete and abstract perceptual abilities to some extent, each person is usually comfortable using one more than the other. The person whose natural strength in the **concrete**, for example, may communicate in a direct, literal, no-nonsense manner. The person whose natural strength is the **abstract** may use more subtle ways to get a point across.


 * Ordering Ability **
 * ** Sequential: ** Allows your mind to organize information in a **//linear//**, step-by-step manner. When using your sequential ability, you are following a logical train of thought, a traditional approach to dealing with information. You may also prefer to have a plan and to follow it, rather than relying on impulse.


 * ** Random: ** Lets your mind organize information by **//chunks//**, and in no particular order. When you are using your random ability, you may often be able to skip steps in a procedure and still produce the desired result. You may even start in the middle, or at the end, and work backwards. You may also prefer your life to be more impulsive, or spur of the moment, than planned.

Both ordering abilities are present in each person, but usually a pattern emerges for using one over the other more comfortably. There are four combinations of the strongest perceptual and ordering ability in each individual:

**Concrete Sequential (CS) Abstract Random (AR) Abstract Sequential (AS) Concrete Random (CR)**

No one is a "pure" style. Each of us have a unique combination of natural strengths and abilities Graphic and text copied from []

Gregorc Paper Inventory

=3. Memlitic Styles=

The Memletic Styles recognize that each of us prefers to learn in different ways. There are many variations on this theme and different ways to describe these preferences, however the Memletic Styles uses the seven shown in the diagram as its basis. These seven Learning Styles are:
 * **Visual.** You use pictures, images, visualization, and spatial arrangements.
 * **Aural**. You use voice, sounds and music.
 * **Verbal.** You use words and writing.
 * **Physical.** You use your body, hands, and sense of touch.
 * **Logical.** You use logic, reasoning and systems.
 * **Social.** You prefer to learn with groups or other people.
 * **Solitary.** You prefer to work alone and use self-study.

All of these styles are effective learning styles. Your favored use of particular styles does not make you a more or less effective learner.

[|Memletics-Learning-Styles-Inventory.xls]

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